What Is an Extinction Burst? Understanding Why Behaviour Sometimes Gets Worse Before It Gets Better
- One Step Ahead
- Oct 24
- 2 min read
When we introduce a new behaviour strategy, we often expect things to improve straight away. But sometimes we see the opposite, a sudden spike in the behaviour we are trying to reduce. This temporary increase is called an extinction burst, and it is actually a sign that change is starting to work.
What is an extinction burst
An extinction burst happens when a behaviour that used to work for someone, for example to get attention, avoid a task, or access a preferred item, no longer gives the same result. The person may try harder by acting louder, longer, or more frequently to get the usual outcome.
Think of a vending machine. If you press the button and nothing comes out, what do you do? Most people press it a few more times before realising it is broken. That is an extinction burst, the short term push before the behaviour fades.
Why it happens
Behaviours serve a function. When we change how we respond, for example by not giving attention to shouting or not giving in to avoidance, the brain registers confusion. “This worked before. Why is it not working now?”So the person increases the behaviour in an attempt to regain control or predictability.
What to expect
During an extinction burst, you might see:
An increase in frequency or intensity of the behaviour
Emotional reactions like crying, shouting, or frustration
Attempts to test if the old way still works
This phase can be challenging for families and support staff. It is tempting to give in, but consistency is key. If we respond differently halfway through, the behaviour learns that pushing harder does work, which makes it stronger in the long run.
How to support someone through it
Stay calm and consistent. Remind yourself this is a normal and temporary stage.
Use proactive supports. Offer breaks, communication options, or sensory tools before escalation.
Reinforce replacement behaviours. Focus on what you do want to see, not what you are trying to stop.
Debrief as a team. Everyone supporting the person should know what is happening and use the same approach.
Track progress. Extinction bursts often fade within a few days or weeks if consistency is maintained.
Final thoughts
Extinction bursts can feel discouraging, but they are a sign that change is happening. When we respond with understanding rather than frustration, we help the person learn new, safer, and more effective ways to communicate their needs.
Change takes patience, but the results are worth it. 🌿
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